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僵尸大火引发北极CO2排放创纪录 Zombie fires spark record Arctic CO2 emissions |
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This summer’s carbon emissions from Arctic wildfires were a third higher than last year’s previous record levels, research suggests.
The atmospheric monitoring service Copernicus says the fires which blazed during summer’s heatwaves are a cause for concern.
They say some so-called zombie fires are smouldering through the winter in peat below the frozen surface.
These underground fires then re-ignite surface vegetation in the Spring.
This spells double trouble: not just CO2 emissions from the burning vegetation, but also from the peat which is naturally a store for CO2.
The researchers estimate that from the start of January to the end of August, Arctic CO2 emissions from fires were 244 megatonnes.
That’s a huge figure - similar to the total for the whole economy of, say, Malaysia or Eygpt.
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This wildfire index is just 17 years old, so it can’t paint a full historic picture.
But the scientists are alarmed that this year’s spike in wildfires follows 2019’s previous record, which in turn dwarfs previous trends.
The scientists say the wildfire outbreaks could be sparked by lightning strikes or human activity, as well as by zombie fires.
A senior scientist at Copernicus, Mark Parrington, told BBC News: “The high figure for wildfires last year caught us by surprise, so it was even more surprising to see this year’s figures so much higher still.
“Obviously it’s concerning – we really hadn’t expected to see these levels of wildfires yet.”
Huge fires have also raged through the Russian Far East Federal District, and a large region of the US has suffered wildfires during heatwave conditions - with large plumes of smoke observed across the Great Lakes.
California in particular has experienced widespread wildfire activity, including the second- and third-worst fires in state history.
Rod Downie, Chief Polar Adviser at WWF, said: "The Arctic is in meltdown. Large areas are burning in front of our eyes.
“The climate crisis behind these broken records is a global problem. In the UK we have the chance to show global leadership at the Glasgow summit next year – but we can only do that if we drastically, and urgently raise our ambition.”
The Copernicus scientists say manmade climate change didn’t directly cause the fires, but rising temperatures add to the likelihood of fire taking hold.
Follow Roger on Twitter @rharrabin
研究表明，今年夏季北极野火的碳排放量比去年的历史最高水平高出三分之一。
大气监测机构哥白尼说，夏季热浪中燃烧的大火令人担忧。
他们说，整个冬季，在冻结表面以下的泥炭中，有一些所谓的僵尸大火在闷烧。
这些地下大火随后在春季重新点燃了地表植被。
这带来了双重麻烦：不仅是来自燃烧的植被的二氧化碳排放，而且还有天然是二氧化碳储存地的泥炭。
研究人员估计，从1月初到8月底，大火造成的北极CO2排放量为244兆吨。
这是一个巨大的数字，类似于整个马来西亚或埃及的经济总量。
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这个野火指数只有17年的历史，因此无法描绘出完整的历史图画。
但是科学家们感到震惊的是，今年的野火高峰是在2019年的先前记录之后，这反过来使先前的趋势相形见war。
科学家说，雷击，人类活动以及僵尸大火都可能引发野火爆发。
哥白尼的一位资深科学家马克·帕灵顿（Mark Parrington）告诉英国广播公司新闻：“去年野火的高数字让我们感到惊讶，因此，看到今年的数字仍然高得多，就更加令人惊讶了。
“显然，这很令人担忧-我们真的没想到会看到这种程度的野火。”
大火还席卷了俄罗斯远东联邦区，美国大片地区在热浪条件下遭受了野火-在五大湖地区观察到大量的烟尘。
特别是加利福尼亚，经历了广泛的野火活动，包括州历史上第二和第三次最严重的大火。
世界自然基金会首席极地顾问罗德·唐尼（Rod Downie）表示：“北极地区正处于崩溃之中。大片区域在我们眼前燃烧。
这些破记录背后的气候危机是一个全球性问题。在英国，我们有机会在明年的格拉斯哥峰会上展现全球领导地位-但是，只有在我们大力并紧急提高雄心的情况下，我们才能做到这一点。”
哥白尼的科学家说，人为的气候变化并没有直接引起起火，但是温度上升却增加了起火的可能性。
在Twitter上关注Roger @rharrabin
资源编号：ZY1984095；资源类别：(英语基础资料)；收集时间：2020-09-06；资源参考链接
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